What are Hamlets feelings on pages 74 and 75 Essay Example for Free

What are Hamlets emotions on pages 74 and 75 Essay Page 74 is the first run through Hamlet is acquainted with the crowd and this first discourse of his is significant as it establishes the pace of the play and permits the crowd to change in accordance with the sort of class it can't avoid being, it likewise shows how edgy Hamlet is and how upset he really is. It recounts to the plot of the story to the crowd and shows why Hamlet is so miserable at his mom and uncle being hitched, and the time where they did as such. We promptly start to perceive how alone and confounded Hamlet on what to do Hamlet truly is, to such an extent very nearly 33% of the discourse is fundamentally him mulling over self destruction, which is carefully against his religion. The primary columns throughout his life, the individuals he could hand-off on the most have double-crossed him and he is uncertain who he can trust and he is conflicted between getting revenge for the most part on his mom for shaming his dads memory by wedding his uncle (clearly he doesn't yet have the foggiest idea who slaughtered his dad or how he kicked the bucket) or to stay consistent with his mom, and choose not to retaliate as his religion advise him to. He believes that his mom and uncle have been excessively hurried in getting hitched, But two months dead, nay, less, not two and he has doubts that they had something to do with his dads passing. He appears to be extremely severe towards his mom specifically and alludes to her like a parasite. Why, she would hold tight him, as though increment of hunger had developed by what it benefited from and his underlying response, before he is visited by his dads phantom, is to deliver retribution on his mom. Which shows how he is feeling as he expects his mom ought to be the fundamental help to him in his season of grieving yet rather she has surrendered him, this additionally shows how passionate week Hamlet is from his first sentence. He discusses the sexual connection between his mom and uncle, O, most devilish speed, to present with such mastery on depraved sheets! It isn't, nor it can't come to great. This could be Hamlets method of flooding vitality and guts that will empower him also get revenge on his dads demise and his moms shame towards his dads memory. This likewise gives the feeling that Hamlet is very week sincerely and needs assistance or direction, something that he doesn't get from any of his companions or family, a considerable lot of who endeavor to slaughter him and I think the reality he frequently attempts to legitimize his shortcoming. For instance he says the main explanation he doesn't end it all is on the grounds that it is a transgression, comparatively when he goes to kill his uncle he doesn't on the grounds that he is supplicating at that point and this would prompt him being sent directly to paradise rather than to damnation where he has a place. I think Hamlet is appeared as being desolate and not very sure who to confide in appears in the last line of his discourse, But break my heard, for I should hold my tongue, this shows he needs to take care of his issues without anyone else. Again representing his separation from the individuals around him and his total absence of trust in anybody and the reality the discourse is said to the crowd additionally shows that he is totally alone on the planet and doesn't have the foggiest idea where to go to. Hamlet clearly had extraordinary regard for his dad and in spite of saying that he is anything but an incredible warrior Married with my uncle, however not any more like my dad than I to Hercules his dad was and you start to see that Hamlets principle impact in his life, the one individual he respected the most was his dad and now he has gone, Hamlet feels extremely lost and unreliable without him and appears to rebuff himself and consistently put himself down all through the discourse making a bothered first scene, yet amusingly he stays one of only a handful barely any Shakespearean characters which have a comical inclination and as the play advances we start to perceive how wily and wry villa can be, particularly when conversing with Polonius.

How Much Americans Respect the Time of Others free essay sample

Justice and the Island of Tagg PowerPoint Presentation

Equity and the Island of Tagg - PowerPoint Presentation Example Unjustifiable laws deny residents the option to use open assets for their own advantage. The gathering of older folks should scrap laws that segregate on sexual orientation in the island of Tagg. Laws that urge the state to settle on choices for the benefit of the residents of the island of Tagg ought to be dismissed on the grounds that they are low. Specialists should revoke laws that restrict opportunity of articulation among residents of the island of Tagg. Canceling the laws benefits people in general by giving them the option to get to data. Laws that permit specialists to disprove the open the benefit to get to indispensable data are unreasonable in light of the fact that they make pressure and uneasiness among individuals from general society. As per Sandel (2007), a law is out of line dependent on an individuals’ judicious reasoning.  Examination among just and out of line laws  â â â â â â â â â â According to Walzer, (2006), Laws are developed social impediments to human conduct. They are contrived to guarantee request in the society.â Each person in the island is considered liable for keeping up the rules that everyone must follow. Laws can be simply or unjust.â For the situation of Tugg Island, a fair law is the one seen to speak to a people and the general public impartially. It raises the human character regardless of the race, status or gender.â It is established in the good and strict laws of the individuals. An unjustifiable law is one that is in disharmony with the ethical laws (Sandel, 2007). For a law to be only one must have a comprehension of an inappropriate they did and the discipline or prize should comparable to the offense. In this way, any law that brings down the human instinct is vile. Vile laws consign individuals to the status of creatures or things. It arranges individuals

Describing the morphology and behavior of gorilla, white-handed gibbon Essay

Depicting the morphology and conduct of gorilla, white-gave gibbon and bolivian dim titi monkey - Essay Example Most gorillas are diurnal and scavenge for the most part on ground from dawn to dusk. They ordinarily feed in the mornings and evenings with a long late morning break and rest in the middle. There is little hostility among individuals from a similar family. Western gorilla gives visual indications through outward appearances. They display around 22 particular sounds; barks, snorts, hoots and shouts. Hoots could be contact call to tell timberland area. Gorillas shows quadrupedal knuckle strolling. Mountain gorillas are absolutely folivorous while wild gorillas are veggie lovers however hostage gorillas promptly eat meat. This is a primate whose hide shading differs from dull earthy colored and light-earthy colored to dark, sandy hues. The feet and hands are white; moreover there is a ring of white hair encompassing the dark face. They are truly ethereal acrobats.Gibbbons are prevalently brachiators, traveling through the woods by swinging starting with one branch then onto the next by the utilization of their arms. It has bended fingers, long arms, extended hands, short legs. In spite of the fact that they once in a while go to the ground, while down they walk bipedally raising their arms over their heads. Gibbons have extreme, hard cushioning on their rear end called ischial callosities. Gibbons are frugivorous.The white given gibbons are arboreal and diurnal. White gave gibbons ensure their family bunches by warding off the remainder of the gibbons by their calls. Each morning every family assembles on the regional edge and starts a â€Å"great call†, which is a two part harmony between the mating pair.This is their method of correspondence. The Bolivian titi is a types of titi. It is from eastern Bolivia and a small region of Brazil. The Bolivian titi is diurnal, obscure and lives in little gatherings of families. It is monogamous in nature and mates forever and remains in bunches that are comprised of 2 to 7 individuals; somewhere in the range of 5 youthful ones and 2 grown-ups. There

Basic Functions of a Network Management System. Free Essays

C H A P T E R 6 Chapter Goal †¢ Become acquainted with the essential elements of a system the board framework. System Management Basics Introduction This part depicts capacities regular to most system the board structures and conventions. It additionally presents the five calculated territories of the executives as characterized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). We will compose a custom exposition test on Fundamental Functions of a Network Management System. or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Ensuing sections in Part IX, â€Å"Network Management,† address explicit system the executives innovations, conventions, and stages in more detail. What Is Network Management? System the board implies various things to various individuals. At times, it includes a singular system specialist checking system movement with an obsolete convention analyzer. In different cases, organize the board includes an appropriated database, autopolling of system gadgets, and top of the line workstations creating constant graphical perspectives on arrange topology changes and traffic. When all is said in done, organize the executives is a help that utilizes an assortment of instruments, applications, and gadgets to help human system directors in checking and looking after systems. A Historical Perspective The mid 1980s saw gigantic extension in the zone of system sending. As organizations understood the money saving advantages and profitability gains made by arrange innovation, they started to include organizes and extend existing systems nearly as quickly as new system advances and items were presented. By the mid-1980s, certain organizations were encountering developing torments from sending a wide range of (and now and then inconsistent) arrange advances. The issues related with arrange extension influence both everyday system activity the executives and vital system development arranging. Each new system innovation requires its own arrangement of specialists. In the mid 1980s, the staffing necessities alone for overseeing enormous, heterogeneous systems made an emergency for some associations. A critical need emerged for mechanized system the executives (counting what is regularly called arrange scope quantification) incorporated across assorted conditions. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 6-1 Chapter 6 Network Management Architecture Network Management Basics Network Management Architecture Most system the board models utilize a similar essential structure and set of connections. End stations (oversaw gadgets, for example, PC frameworks and other system gadgets, run programming that empowers them to send cautions when they perceive issues (for instance, when at least one client decided limits are surpassed). After getting these alarms, the executives substances are customized to respond by executing one, a few, or a gathering of activities, including administrator notice, occasion logging, framework shutdown, and programmed endeavors at framework fix. The executives elements likewise can survey end stations to check the estimations of specific factors. Surveying can be programmed or client started, yet specialists in the oversaw gadgets react to all surveys. Operators are programming modules that initially arrange data about the oversaw gadgets in which they live, at that point store this data in an administration database, lastly give it (proactively or responsively) to the executives elements inside system the board frameworks (NMSs) by means of a system the executives convention. Notable system the board conventions incorporate the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). The executives intermediaries are elements that give the board data for the benefit of different elements. Figure 6-1 delineates an ordinary system the board engineering. Figure 6-1 A Typical Network Management Architecture Maintains Many Relationships Network the executives framework (NMS) Management element Network the board convention Network Agent Proxy Management database Management database Management database Managed gadgets ISO Network Management Model The ISO has contributed a lot to arrange normalization. Its system the board model is the essential methods for understanding the significant elements of system the board frameworks. This model comprises of five calculated territories, as examined in the following areas. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 6-2 1-58705-001-3 Chapter 6 Network Management Basics ISO Network Management Model Performance Management The objective of execution the executives is to quantify and make accessible different parts of system execution so that internetwork execution can be kept up at an adequate level. Instances of execution factors that may be given incorporate system throughput, client reaction times, and line usage. Execution the executives includes three fundamental advances. To start with, execution information is assembled on factors important to organize overseers. Second, the information is broke down to decide typical (pattern) levels. At long last, suitable execution edges are resolved for each significant variable with the goal that surpassing these edges demonstrates a system issue deserving of consideration. The executives substances consistently screen execution factors. At the point when an exhibition limit is surpassed, an alarm is produced and sent to the system the board framework. Every one of the means simply depicted is a piece of the procedure to set up a responsive framework. At the point when execution becomes unsuitable in light of a surpassed client characterized edge, the framework responds by communicating something specific. Execution the executives additionally allows proactive strategies: For instance, organize reenactment can be utilized to extend how arrange development will influence execution measurements. Such reproduction can make directors aware of looming issues with the goal that balancing measures can be taken. Design Management The objective of arrangement the board is to screen system and framework setup data with the goal that the impacts on organize activity of different forms of equipment and programming components can be followed and overseen. Each system gadget has an assortment of form data related with it. A designing workstation, for instance, might be arranged as follows: †¢ Operating framework, Version 3. 2 Ethernet interface, Version 5. 4 TCP/IP programming, Version 2. 0 NetWare programming, Version 4. 1 NFS programming, Version 5. 1 Serial interchanges controller, Version 1. X. 25 programming, Version 1. 0 SNMP programming, Version 3. 1 Configuration the board subsystems store this data in a database for simple access. At the point when an issue happens, this database can be looked for pieces of information that may help take care of the issue. Bookkeeping Management The objective of bookkeeping the board is to gauge arrange usage parameters so individual or gathering uti lizes on the system can be directed properly. Such guideline limits organize issues (since arrange assets can be distributed dependent on asset limits) and boosts the reasonableness of system access over all clients. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 6-3 Chapter 6 Review Questions Network Management Basics As with execution the executives, the initial move toward proper bookkeeping the board is to quantify usage of extremely significant system assets. Examination of the outcomes gives knowledge into current utilization examples, and use quantities can be set now. Some rectification, obviously, will be required to arrive at ideal access rehearses. Starting here, progressing estimation of asset use can yield charging data just as data used to evaluate proceeded with reasonable and ideal asset use. Issue Management The objective of issue the board is to identify, log, inform clients of, and (to the degree conceivable) naturally fix arrange issues to keep the system running viably. Since deficiencies can cause personal time or unsatisfactory system debasement, issue the executives is maybe the most broadly actualized of the ISO organize the board components. Flaw the executives includes first deciding indications and detaching the issue. At that point the issue is fixed and the arrangement is tried on exceptionally significant subsystems. At long last, the discovery and goals of the issue is recorded. Security Management The objective of security the board is to control access to organize assets as per neighborhood rules so the system can't be undermined (deliberately or unexpectedly) and delicate data can't be gotten to by those without proper approval. A security the executives subsystem, for instance, can screen clients signing on to a system asset and can deny access to the individuals who enter unseemly access codes. Security the board subsystems work by dividing system assets into approved and unapproved regions. For certain clients, access to any system asset is unseemly, for the most part on the grounds that such clients are normally organization outcasts. For other (inward) organize clients, access to data starting from a specific division is improper. Access to Human Resource records, for instance, is wrong for most clients outside the Human Resources office. Security the executives subsystems play out a few capacities. They recognize delicate system assets (counting frameworks, records, and different elements) and decide mappings between touchy system assets and client sets. They additionally screen passageways to touchy system assets and log improper access to delicate system assets. Survey Questions Qâ€Name the various territories of system the board. Aâ€Configuration, bookkeeping, issue, security, and execution. Qâ€What are the objectives of execution the executives? Aâ€Measure and make accessible different parts of system execution so that internetwork execution can be kept up at a worthy level. Qâ€What are the objectives of setup the executives? Aâ€Monitor system and framework design informa

Powerful Person Essay Samples

Powerful Person Essay SamplesDo you want to know about some of the most influential person essay samples? There are lots of these types of essays that are available online and these essays contain many great ideas for essay samples.An important person in the world today is, of course, Barack Obama. The same can be said about Margaret Thatcher, who is also an influential person. These two people in history have changed the course of history and made it what it is today.Another example of an influential person in history would be Henry Ford. It's true that Ford was one of the first automobile companies to have successful advertisements, but he was also a very influential person as well.Did you know that there are plenty of notable people who contributed greatly to society today in the form of famous person essay samples? While it's impossible to have a list of every one of them, there are quite a few. Indeed, it's hard to think of anyone who doesn't deserve to be listed among these peo ple.If you're searching for powerful people in history, why not start with Leonardo da Vinci? Some of his famous artwork is included in the modern day art collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. You might even recognize a few pieces.You might also want to know about the brilliant minds that were responsible for some of the most influential inventions in history, like Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. These two people really paved the way for inventions that still change the world today.Even if you're looking for person essay samples of politicians, you can find quite a few in history. You'll be surprised to learn that Abraham Lincoln was a prominent politician and prime minister, as well as having strong political beliefs. Besides, John F. Kennedy was also a notable politician that received a lot of media attention throughout his life.It's interesting to look at person essay samples from these individuals that can be considered influential. It's easy to see that if you write go od things about someone in the form of person essay samples, then you may become known for having great ideas.

Investment and fluctuation in the gold market - Free Essay Example

Someone rightly said that practical training is far better than the classroom training. During practical training, person comes to know about the actual difficulties faced during the work. Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) {BBA(H)} imparts the student with such virtues and prepares to take the business world in their stride. The project gives a considerable exposure to students and provides them with an opportunity to see the practical aspects of working of the corporate world. This project is yet another opportunity to see the application part of what we study or learn. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our sincere thanks to Ms. Garima Baluja (Project guide) for having the conviction to believe that the project we had undertaken might be useful to others. We wish to thank them for having taken the trouble to read the contents again and again so the project is perfect in all respects. Without her advice, support and guidance the project would never have been complete. All cannot be mentioned but none has been forgotten. Biswajit Singh Prashant vohra Ramandeep singh Gurpreet singh CONTENT Chapter no. Title Page no CERTIFICATE I PREFACE Ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Iii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Meaning Gold as investment Types of gold investment Factors affecting gold price and investment Importance of gold in market Gold investment vecihle Gold investment strategies Gold versus stock The performance of gold and the US Stock Market 1-17 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 18-22 3 OBJECTIVES NEED OF THE STUDY 23-24 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25-27 5 ANALYSIS OF DATA 6 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, LIMITATION RECOMMENDATION 7 REFERENCES 8 QUESTIONNAIRE INTRODUCTION 1.1 MEANING:- A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances, is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin, jewelry and for other monetary uses. Gold has to compete with the stock market, investment in internet industries, and a wide range of consumer goods. In the rural areas 22 carat jewellery remains the basic investment. The government announced a new initiative in its budget to tap the hoard of private gold in India by permitting commercial banks to take gold deposits of bars, coins or jewellery against payment of interest. Interest levels can be set by each bank, and deposits must be for three to seven years. Interest and any capital gains on the gold will be exempt from tax. The banks can lend the gold to local fabricators or sell it in the Indian market or to local banks. The depositor has to declare the origin of the gold, so that metal bought illegally to hide wealth cannot be deposited. The State Bank of India was the first to accept deposits. Figure 1.1.1 1.2 Gold as investment Indians purchased 94.0 tons of gold for investment from January to September 2004, while it was 67.8 tons during the same period in 2003. Investment in physical gold must always be in the form of coins/bars and should be in addition to the jewellery held by the household. Advantages of gold in a portfolio can be explained through the following points: Gold has a low to negative correlation with most other asset classes. An investment portfolio with an allocation to gold improves the consistency of portfolio performance during both stable and unstable periods. The price of gold is not linked to the performance of economy, industry or companies. Gold offers the benefit of diversifying portfolio risks. Cost efficient ways of investment in gold internationally Gold has been possible over the years in the form of mutual funds or stocks of gold mining companies. However, investors have been awaiting a more cost effective platform for owning gold. The World Gold council recognized this fact and launched the following ETF gold products across the world. Figure1.2.1 Cost efficient ways of investment in gold internationally Gold has been possible over the years in the form of mutual funds or stocks of gold mining companies. However, investors have been awaiting a more cost effective platform for owning gold. The World Gold council recognized this fact and launched the following ETF gold products across the world. Gold Bullion Securities Gold was made available at the stock exchange just like an equity share to the investors through a World Gold Council initiated ETF product called Gold Bullion Securities. Each share of Gold Bullion Securities (GBS) is equal to 1/10th of an ounce of gold and is supported by physical holding of gold in the custody of HSBC. This is the first time ever that a metal has been listed on an international Stock Exchange and can be conveniently traded or invested by institutional investors as well as individuals. GBS is listed on the London Stock Exchange and also the Australian Stock Exchange. At present GBS is the most cost efficient way of investing in gold, as a potential investor has to only pay 0.3% p.a. as management fees, which includes the cost of storage and insurance apart from the brokerage that they have to pay to the brokers. 1.3 TYPES OF GOLD INVESTMENT:- 1. Gold exchange-traded funds: The recent explosion in exchange traded funds (ETFs) presents an even more interesting way to invest in gold. An ETF is a type of mutual fund that trades on a stock exchange like an ordinary stock. The ETFs exact portfolio is fixed in advance and does not change. Thus, the two gold ETFs that trade in the United States both hold gold bullion as their one and only asset. You can locate these two ETFs under the symbol GLD (for the streetTRACKS Gold Trust) and IAU (for the iShares COMEX Gold Trust). Either ETF offers a practical way to hold gold in an investment portfolio. 2. Direct ownership: There is nothing like gold bullion, the ultimate expression of pure value. Gold is the only real money, and its value cannot be changed or controlled by government fiat-the underlying reason for governments to go off the gold standard, unfortunately. Golds value will rise based on the pure forces of supply and demand, no matter what Mr. Greenspan decrees regard ing interest rates or greenbacks in circulation. The big disadvantage to owning gold is that it tends to trade with a wide spread between bid and ask prices.. 3. Gold mutual funds: For people who are hesitant to invest in physical gold, but still desire some exposure to the precious metal, gold mutual funds provide a helpful alternative. These funds hold portfolios of gold stocks-that is, the stocks of companies like Newmont Mining that mine for gold. Newmont is an example of a senior gold stock. A senior is a large, well-capitalized company that has been around several years and has a profitable track record 4.   Junior gold stocks: This level of stock is more speculative. Junior stocks are less likely to own productive mines, and may be exploration plays-with higher potential profits but also with greater risk of loss. Capitalization is likely to be smaller than capitalization of the senior gold stocks. This range of investments is for investors whose risk tolerance is broader, and who accept the possibility of gold-based losses in exchange for the potential for triple-digit gains. 5.   Gold options and futures: For the more sophisticated and experienced investor, options allow you to speculate in gold prices. But in the options market, you can speculate on price movements in either direction. If you buy a call, you are hoping prices will rise. A call fixes the purchase price so the higher that price goes, the greater the margin between your fixed option price and current market price. When you buy a put, you expect the price to fall. Buying options is risky, and more people lose than win. In fact, about three-fourths of all options bought expire worthless. The options market is complex and requires experience and understanding 1.4 FACTORS AFFECTING GOLD PRICE AND INVESTMENT:- Weak US Dollar: Projections about a declining dollar due to an ever-increasing twin deficit supported by many investment veterans are met by much denial from politicians as well as from investors. As long as foreigners are willing to pour in the amount of $2 billion dollars every working day, the dollar wont crash. But if foreign confidence were to wane, the US dollar will be heading south. No matter how you look at the US twin deficits and Americas future fiscal liabilities, this problem is huge and some painful adjustments not only seem to be necessary but unavoidable as well. Growth in Demand for Jewelry: The demand for gold jewelry has seen a regular growth year on year. Countries which are primarily responsible for this growth are India, China, Italy, Turkey and the USA. The demand for consumption of gold in jewelry was 6% higher at 735 tonnes and also comprised a new first-quarter record. The US, which accounts for 10 % of world gold demand, is also one of the markets wh ere public taste in gold jewelry is enjoying a renaissance. The renewed interest in gold also extends to Japan, a market which showed a 19% increase in demand. Increase in demand for exchange traded paper backed products: -For the first time in history, gold can be purchased like any listed stock at select stock exchanges of the world like London Stock Exchange, Australian Stock Exchange (Gold Bullion Securities) and New York Stock Exchange. The World Gold Council initiated Electronic Traded Funds have displayed very good performance and growth in volumes since launch. Central banks reserves: Central banks keep ignot reserves as a hedge against inflation. Other monetary policies of the central banks also affect the price of gold. Low interest rates discourage people to invest in paper money; they turn towards the golden metal in the hope of better returns. If the central banks give high interest rates, the chances are that the ignot price will fall. Gold during times of fl uctuation: Gold is purchased more during a downturn in economy. This is because; the companies might start reducing production due to declining sales. Due to this, the stock prices will start going down. In this scenario, Gold is the safest option to invest in. Thought the return on investment may not be as high as other investment options, safety and good value for money are very important in times of fluctuation 1.5 IMPORTANCE OF GOLD IN MARKET Electronics: Gold is highly conductive to electricity, and has been used for electrical wiring in some high-energy applications. For example, gold electrical wires were used during some of the Manhattan Projects atomic experiments. Gold is used in the connectors of the more expensive electronics cables, such as audio, video and USB cables. The benefit of using gold over other connector metals such as tin in these applications is highly debated Fine gold wires are used to connect semiconductor devices to their packages through a process known as wire bonding Aerospace: Gold is used in hundreds of ways in every space vehicle that NASA launches. Gold is used in circuitry because it is a dependable conductor and connector. Many parts of every space vehicle are fitted with gold-coated polyester film. Gold is also used as a lubricant between mechanical parts. Gold has very low shear strength and thin films of gold between critical moving parts serves as a lubricant the gold mole cules slip past one another under the forces of friction and that provides a lubricant action. Jewelry: Gold is found in the pure state, is very easy to work and was probably the first metal used by humans. Today, most of the gold that is newly mined or recycled is used in the manufacture of jewelry About 78% of the gold consumed each year is used in the manufacture of jewelry. Special properties of gold make it perfect for manufacturing jewelry. These include: very high luster; desirable yellow color; tarnish resistance; ability to be drawn into wires, hammered into sheets or cast into shapes. Medicine:- Gold was often seen as beneficial for the health, in the belief that something that rare and beautiful could not be anything but healthy. Even some modern esotericisms and forms of alternative medicine assign metallic gold a healing power. Inject able gold has been proven to help to reduce the pain and swelling of rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis. Gold alloys are used i n restorative dentistry, especially in tooth restorations, such as crowns and permanent bridges. The isotope gold-198, is used in some cancer treatments and for treating other diseases. Decoration: Gold has the highest malleability of any metal. This enables gold to be beaten into sheets that are only a few millionths of an inch thick. These thin sheets, known as gold leaf can be applied over the irregular surfaces of picture frames, molding or furniture Public investment: Gold is also considered as a public investment. Many countries have huge Gold reserves. Countries like India, United States are supposed to have huge Gold reserves that can be sold in times of need. It also gives these countries an edge in various financial deals. Various banks also have huge reserves of Gold that are used at times of crisis in the economy. This Gold is sold at times of economic crisis to stabilize the economy. 1.6 GOLD INVESTMENT VECIHLE:- Bars Gold bars can be held either directly (i.e. held directly by you or in your own safe) or indirectly (held in a safe deposit box or bank vault on your behalf). Because of the many difficulties of transporting, storing and verifying pure gold bars, an increasingly popular method of investing in gold bars for the small investor is via allocated holdings using a gold account. Coins Buying gold coins is a popular way of holding gold. Typically bullion coins are priced according to their weight, plus a premium above the gold spot price. Again, the large Swiss and Liechtenstein banks buy and sell these coins over the counter. Exchange-traded funds Gold ETFs represent an easy way to gain exposure to the gold price, without the inconvenience of storing physical bars. Typically a small commission is charged for trading in gold ETFs and a small annual storage fee is charged. The annual expenses of the fund such as storage, insurance, and management fees are charged by selling a small amount of gold represented by each certificate, so the amount of gold in each certificate will gradually decline over time. Certificates A certificate of ownership can be held by gold investors, instead of storing the actual gold bullion. Gold certificates allow investors to buy and sell the security without the inconvenience associated with the transfer of actual physical gold. Accounts Most Swiss banks offer gold accounts where gold can be instantly bought or sold just like any foreign currency. Digital gold currency accounts and the Bullion Vault gold exchange work on a similar principle. Gold accounts are typically backed through unallocated (fungible or pooled) or allocated (also known as non-fungible) gold storage. Different accounts impose varying levels of intermediation between the client and their gold, for example through bailment or within a trust Derivatives, CFDs and spread betting Derivatives, such as gold forwards, futures and options, currently trade on various exchanges around the world and over-the-counter (OTC) directly in the private market. In the U.S., gold futures are primarily traded on the New York Commodities Exchange (COMEX), a division of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), and NYSE Life US. In India, gold futures are traded on the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) and Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX).] 1.7 GOLD INVESTMENT STRATEGIES:- Fundamental analysis Investors using fundamental analysis analyze the macroeconomic situation, which includes international economic indicators, such as GDP growth rates, inflation, interest rates, productivity and energy prices. They would also analyze the yearly global gold supply versus demand. Over 2005 the World Gold Council estimated yearly global gold supply to be 3,859 tonnes and demand to be 3,754 tonnes, giving a surplus of 105 tonnes. While gold production is unlikely to change in the near future, supply and demand due to private ownership is highly liquid and subject to rapid changes. This makes gold very different from almost every other commodity.Identifiable investment demand for gold, which includes gold exchange-traded funds, bars and coins, was up 64 percent in 2008 over the year before. Technical analysis As with stocks, gold investors may base their investment decision partly on, or solely on, technical analysis. Typically, this involves analyzing chart patterns, moving averages, market trends and/or the economic cycle in order to speculate on the future price Using leverage Bullish investors may choose to leverage their position by borrowing money against their existing assets and then purchasing gold on account with the loaned funds. Leverage is also an integral part of buying gold derivatives and unhedged gold mining company shares (see gold mining companies). Leverage or derivatives may increase investment gains but also increases the corresponding risk of capital loss if/when the trend reverses. 1.8 GOLD VERSUS STOCK:- The performance of gold bullion is often compared to stocks due to their fundamental differences. Gold is regarded by some as a store of value (without growth) whereas stocks are regarded as a return on value (i.e., growth from anticipated real price increase plus dividends). Stocks and bonds perform best in a stable political climate with strong property rights and little turmoil. The attached graph shows the value of Dow Jones Industrial Average divided by the price of an ounce of gold. Since 1800, stocks have consistently gained value in comparison to gold in part because of the stability of the American political system. This appreciation has been cyclical with long periods of stock outperformance followed by long periods of gold outperformance. The Dow Industrials bottomed out a ratio of 1:1 with gold during 1980 (the end of the 1970s bear market) and proceeded to post gains throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The gold price peak of 1980 also coincided with the Soviet Unions invas ion of Afghanistan and the threat of the global expansion of communism. The ratio peaked on January 14, 2000 a value of 41.3 and has fallen sharply since. On November 30, 2005, Rick Munarriz of The Motley Fool posed the question of which represented a better investment: a share of Google or an ounce of gold. The specific comparison between these two very different investments seems to have captured the imagination of many in the investment community and is serving to crystallize the broader debate. At the time of writing, a share of Googles stock was $405 and an ounce of gold was one day from breaking the $500 barrier, which it did December 1. On January 4, 2008 23:58 New York Time, it was reported that an ounce of gold outpaced the share price of Google by 30.77%, with gold closing at $859.19 per ounce and a share of Google closing at $657 on U.S. market exchanges. On January 24, 2008, the gold price broke the $900 mark per ounce for the first time. The price of gold topped $1,0 00 an ounce for the first time ever on March 13, 2008 amid recession fears in the United States. Google closed 2008 at $307.65 while gold closed the year at $866. 1.9 The performance of gold and the US Stock Market:- Theres been an inverse relationship, such that when gold rises, the market is generally falling and vice versa. Gold is traditionally seen as a hedge against inflation, and inflation typically is seen as being negative for the stock market. Also, in uncertain economic times (especially with a falling US Dollar), gold is a more attractive investment than Stocks and so the two asset classes, much like stocks and bonds, compete for your investment capital. Gold prices in 2008 around $600 were not a problem for the stock market. As signs of recession began to emerge, and investors began to be spooked by deteriorating financial conditions, larger investors likely began rotating out of the US Stock Market and into other markets such as gold, bonds, etc. The rotation accelerate as the stock market began to fall going into 2009, when the price of gold skyrocketed from just under $700 per ounce to over $1,000 per ounce in March 2009. The SP fell from a peak of 1,575 to just above 1 ,250 during the same period. The recent fall of gold prices has contributed with other factors to a rise in the current stock market since March. While there may be some correlation between gold prices and the US Stock Market, gold prices are much more inversely correlated with the US Dollar Index. 1.10 GOLD CHART OF LAST 35 YEAR:- TABLE1.10.1 YEAR US DOLLER ( Cumulative Avg) 1982 $375.81 1983 $424.18 1984 $360.42 1985 $317.22 1986 $367.53 1987 $446.48 1988 $436.98 1989 $381.44 1990 $383.51 1991 $362.11 1992 $343.82 1993 $359.77 1994 $384.00 1995 $383.7916392 1996 $387.81 1997 $331.02 1998 $294.24 1999 $278.98 2000 $279.11 2001 $271.04 2002 $309.63 2003 $363.38 2004 $409.72 2005 $444.74 2006 $603.46 2007 $696.39 2008 $871.96 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Obstfeld (1997) has conducted a research on saving, investment and gold as a reassessment of historical account data and found that. The standard historical data sources often fail to distinguish between monetary gold exports, which are capital-account credits, and nonmonetary gold exports, which are current-account credits. The paper also adjusts historical investment data to account for changes in inventories. The revised data are used to construct estimates of saving and investment over the period from 1850 to 1945. The regression results are in broad agreement with those of Eichengreen, who found a significantly positive cross-sectional correlation between saving and investment even during some periods when the gold standard prevailed. Despite reaching broadly similar conclusions, we estimate correlations between saving and investment that are somewhat lower and less significant than those Eichengreen found. Soenem (1997) made a research on gold as an investment assets: pers pective from different countries to know that the efficiency of gold as a portfolio component over 1978 1995 is examined here from the perspective of seven major industrialized countries. Gold offers diversification benefits but dismal performance in terms of a risk-return trade-off. As a result, the inclusion of gold in test portfolios did not provide any increase in risk-adjusted return over the period as a whole. Zimmerman (2006) reveled a research on gold as a zero-beta asset? Analysis of the investment potential of precious metal in which Gold shows the characteristics of a zero-beta asset. It has approximately the same mean return as a Treasury Bill and bears no market risk. Silver also bears no market risk but has returns inferior to Treasury Bills. Both gold and silver show evidence of inflation-hedging ability, with the case being much stronger for gold. The prices of both metals are cointegrated with consumer prices, showing additional evidence of hedging ability. B anz (2002) had research on the concept of Hedge fund as all that glitter is not gold as they provided those interested in hedge funds with a series of insights into the specific risks that such investments pose. The aim of the paper is not to discourage investors but rather to assist them with a list of seven questions that need to be addressed in order to invest wisely. They examine the characteristics of hedge funds from different angles. They progress from basic issues concerning performance records to risk considerations and then to the role of hedge funds in overall asset allocation. Feldstein (1981) made a survey on topic The Effect of Inflation on the Prices of Land and Gold and concluded that Traditional theory implies that the relative price of consumer goods and of such real assets as land and gold should not be permanently affected by the rate of inflation. A change in the general rate of inflation should, in equilibrium, cause an equal change in the rate of inflation for each asset price The experience of the past decade has been very different from the predictions of this theory: the prices of land, gold, and other such stores of value have increased by substantially more than the general price level. The present paper presents a simple theoretical model that explains the positive relation between the rate of inflation and the relative price of such real assets. More specifically, in an economy with an income tax, an increase in the expected rate of inflation Faugà ¨re Erlach (2006) researched on topic The Price of Gold: A Global Required Yield Theory that We construct a gold valuation theory based on viewing gold as a global real store of wealth. We show that the real price of gold varies inversely to the stock market P/E and thus is a direct function of a global yield required to achieve a constant real after-tax return equal to long-term global real GDP per-capita growth. We introduce a new exchange rate parity rule based on the equaliz ation of inverse stock market P/Es (required yields) across nations. A quarterly valuation model is constructed using concurrent economic data that is within 12% mean percentage tracking error from real U.S. gold prices from 1979- 2002. Several major world events have had a large but fleeting impact on gold prices. Riley (2009) made a research on A New Gold Rush as Investing in Precious Metals as Following a huge run-up in the 1970s, precious metal prices have, until recent years, been very subdued. Investors tend to overlook precious metals, except to take note of the strong correlation properties with other asset classes, which justifies only a small allocation. However, given current macroeconomic conditions and the extreme policy response that has been initiated due to these conditions, investors should not only be looking at the correlation properties, but also the exceptional returns that precious metals will provide in the coming years Martins (1994) reveled a research on Interests, Prices and the Barsky and Summers Resolution of the Gibson Paradox under the Gold Standard System and analyzed that structural monetary framework featuring a demand function for non-monetary uses of gold, such as the one drawn by Barsky and Summers in their 1988 analysis of the Gibson paradox as a natural concomitant of the gold standard period. That structural model is subject to government rules to command the money supply. Its fiduciary version obtains Fisherian relationships as particular cases. Its gold standard solution yields a model similar to the Barsky and Summers model, in which interest rates are exogenous and subject to productivity or thrift external shocks. This paper integrates government bonds in the analysis, treats interest rates endogenously, and shifts the responsibility for the shocks to the government budgetary financing policies. Gillman Nakov (2000) researched on the topic A Monetary Explanation of Oil and Gold Prices During Postwar Stagfla tion and Recovery: 1957-1999 that the effect of the inflation on oil and gold prices in the post-war period. It presents a monetary explanation of oil and gold pricing through a cash-in-advance economy. It tests the hypothesis that the oil and gold price rises, including those during the oil shocks in 1974 and 1979, were a consequence rather than a cause of accelerating inflation in the developed industrial world. Granger casuality and cointegration evidence support the models prediction that the oil and gold price behavior can be explained by money supply changes. The evidence includes support for an asset price relation derived from the model that formalizes the monetary explanation. Amir Leyla (2005) made a research on the factors affecting gold price and a neuro-fuzzy model of forcast that the Traditional methods of forcast, e.g.Regresion, ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing, Moving Average, and methods of this kind have been applied. Only recently Artificial Intelligence, Neural N etworks and Fuzzy Logic have been proposed as forcast models. In this paper after considering gold role in the international finance, its Demand and supply, and the relationship between gold and Dollar, factors affecting the gold price fluctuations are considered; then a Neuro-Fuzzy approach based on the Takagy-Sogno Moel is employed to forcast gold price. The results obtained by this method are compared with Regression Analysis, which show that a Neuro-Fuzzy yields a better and more promissing forcast. McCown (July 24, 2006) Gold shows the characteristics of a zero-beta asset. It has approximately the same mean return as a Treasury Bill and bears no market risk. Silver also bears no market risk but has returns inferior to Treasury Bills. Both gold and silver show evidence of inflation-hedging ability, with the case being much stronger for gold. The prices of both metals are co integrated with consumer prices, showing additional evidence of hedging ability. Daly (May 2005) Thi s paper finds a strong correlation between deviations in the once widely popular Fed model to the price of gold. A simple tactical asset allocation strategy can be implemented. Empirical test of the model show the implicit timing signals to be statistically significant. The degree of accuracy, including the month gold peaked in 1980, can be an extremely valuable asset for portfolio managers looking for positive alphas. Of course, building an investment theory based on one component (Fed model) can be perilous; this paper will also look at the DJIA to gold ratio as a relative value assessment. Johnson (1997) The efficiency of gold as a portfolio component over 1978 1995 is examined here from the perspective of seven major industrialized countries. Gold offers diversification benefits but dismal performance in terms of a risk-return trade-off. As a result, the inclusion of gold in test portfolios did not provide any increase in risk-adjusted return over the period as a whole. It w as an attractive component of a diversified portfolio only for the subperiod 1978 1983 and never thereafter. Jun (May 2, 2009) While most researches on the gold market are focusing on empirical studies, few researches existed about how each macroeconomic phenomenon can affect gold market. gold is rarely dealt with macroeconomic perspective, because of lack of analyzing tools. By including gold in a portfolio of risky assets and analyzing the portfolio indirectly, we can perform macroeconomic research on gold market. Specifically in this report, I focused on macroeconomic phenomena related to the global financial crisis. Callaghan (December 1991) This paper describes the structure of the world gold market, its sources of supply and demand, and how it functions. The market has three principal functions in three major locations: the New York futures market speculates on spot prices, which are largely determined in London, whereas physical gold is in large part shipped through Zu rich. The market is dominated by large suppliers and gold holders, including monetary authorities. Some unique characteristics of the gold market ensure confidentiality, and as a result, there are gaps in existing knowledge and data. The paper identifies and attempts to fill these gaps. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To study how investment done in gold market in present scenario. To study the reasons of investment in the gold market. To find out the performance and fluctuation in gold market. Investment in fluctuation period in market SCOPE OF STUDY Scope of our study is quite generalized and limited to gold market. As we are referring to the gold market of jalandhar as a scope of our study NEED OF STUDY To fill the gap in the existing researches done on gold investment. As we referred some of the existing researches done on investment in gold but we are trying to do the study at the time of fluctuation RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. RESEARCH DESIGN As an descriptive and analytical study is conducted with an objective to gain familiarity with the phenomenon or to achieve new insight into it, we study with an aim to find or achieve the new insight in terms of finding the relationship between the various parameters or variety which impact on gold market SOURCES FOR DATA COLLECTION Data Source: This refers to the sources that are used for collecting the data. Mainly it consists of two sources. Secondary Sources: Out of the various secondary sources mainly newspapers, internet and Journals have been used for the study. Primary Sources: The survey was conducted through an unstructured questionnaire consisting of closed ended as well as open ended questions. SAMPLING PLAN A sample design is a defined plan for obtaining a sample from a given population . While developing the sampling design following aspects are covered Sample Size : In current research , 50 respondents are covered . Sample Unit: In current research, the sample unit consists of the following individuals having the knowledge about investment and fluctuation of gold and the individuals who invest in gold Market Universe of the study: Theoretical population: In the current research , the universe consist of all the respondents that are aware about the investment and fluctuation of gold. Accessible population: The respondents within Punjab i.e Jallandhar have been covered under the study. Sampling Technique Convenient sampling: study conducted on the basis of availability of the data requirement of the project. Study requires the events that have impact on the market.

AGI and Income Inequality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 633 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Finance Essay Level High school Tags: Income Inequality Essay Did you like this example? When you look at the form Instructions on Filing 1040, there is a lot of information that goes into filing a 1040 and taxes in general. AGI is calculated from what you list and claim as your Gross Income, therefore what you have listed as your Gross Income will affect your AGI. If your Gross Income is incorrectly given, then the AGI could be incorrect as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "AGI and Income Inequality" essay for you Create order When you read the instructions for filling out the 1040 form, most of the lines specifically say If you and refer to checking boxes on your status on a certain piece of information. For example, under filing status, under Married Filing Jointly it says, If you file a joint return, both you and your spouse are generally responsible for the tax and interest or penalties due on the return, and gives instructions to check the filing status that applies to you. In a lot of cases, especially cases that people feel that they wont be audited by the IRS, they will try to manipulate the tax system even if its just slightly to affect their tax returns. Overall, with millions of people also having this idea, this, in my opinion, would probably affect the inequality measurement in the United States. While AGI gives some type of measurement for inequality in the United States, I dont think that it completely gives an accurate measurement of income inequality. In my opinion, it could go either way with incomplete given tax form data. If everyone were to fill out the forms correctly and truthfully, then we could be surprised at a decrease in income inequality or be not as surprised at an increase of income inequality. We have witnessed in our Lorenz curve graphs gini coefficients that income inequality is real and that its surprisingly extremely high towards the richer portion of the population versus the poorer portion of the population. I expected this, but not at the extent that the Lorenz curve showed. However, our gini coefficients and our Lorenz curves showed data for only one year. Each year is different for every US citizen in calculating AGI. Another thing to point out, if you look at the 1040 instructions towards the bottom, it will show you how citizens and households are grouped into quintiles based on income. When measuring income inequality, it doesnt take into account change over time and how households can have positive or negative mobility in their incomes. The statistics do not reflect the reality that income for many households changes over time i.e., incomes are mobile. For most people, income increases over time as they move from their first, low-paying job in high school to a better-paying job later in their lives (Thomas A. Garrett, The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis). A measurement of all households AGI changes over time, instead of looking at household quintiles each year, would be a better measurement of income inequality because it would show income mobil ity; however, it still might not show that households can choose to exclude some data and income sources from their tax documents. In my opinion, the tax system is a flawed system, which means the AGI is a flawed representation of income inequality in the United States. I think that further research is needed in order to calculate income inequality instead of solely looking at AGI. On the other hand, I do think that, according to Adjusted Gross Income and our constructed Lorenz curves, that the upper class is most definitely seeing an increase in income more quickly than everyone else. I think that the poorer portion of the population is underrepresented as far as the 1040 documents and AGI states. This over and under representation could be what is leading us to believe that income inequality is very high compared to earlier years.

Acute Myeloid Leukemi Symptoms And Treatment - 1866 Words

Connor Stockman Bio 325 12/2/14 Acute Myeloid Leukemia This year in the United States there will be an estimated 1,665,540 diagnosed cancer cases and 585,720 deaths due to the disease.1 Cancer ranks as the second most common cause of death in the US only behind heart disease. As cancer accounts for nearly a quarter of all deaths in the United States2, many people view the diagnosis of cancer as a death sentence. This feeling of hopelessness can lead patients to make questionable decisions regarding treatment options. While current advances have led to increasingly positive prognoses for those diagnosed with differing forms of cancer, the significant death rate among those same patients may deter cancer patients from seeking traditional therapies and treatments. What people often times do not realize is that most of these alternative forms of treatment that have not been proven to be effective may be more detrimental to patients’ health than the actual cancer itself. In order to fully understand the effectiveness of the treatments that a patient is going to receive, it is important to look not only the physiological effects of the treatments themselves, but also the effects of the disease. Each year in the United States roughly 2.4 per every 100,000 Americans under the age of 65 are diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, and 12.6 per 100,000 are diagnosed over the age of 65 10. Up until the 1970s the five year survival rates for affected patients was less than 15 percent.

Othello †Race and Stereotypes Essay - 637 Words

Othello’s race does not prominently impact his demise, although Shakespeare touches upon the issue of race, the reason for Othello’s demise lies somewhere else. However, the allegations of race directly lead to its tragic ending. Feelings of inadequacy and distrust without question aid in the tragedy. The fact that Othello’s skin color is important alters the interpretation of the tragedy within the play. The racism represented in Othello is not just about an instance of prejudices and prejudgments made by a crowd of people against another, but in fact has much more subtle and devastating consequences, specifically, that it is proliferated not only by the discriminatory section of society, but also by the target of this discrimination.†¦show more content†¦It then hit me that through Iago’s judgments Othello is â€Å"the Moor† and should therefore exemplify the common idea of a moor, which is not admiration, self-worth, and fortune; it is o ne of disconnectedness and dependency. When he says that â€Å"nothing can or shall content his soul/ Till he is evened with the Moor, wife for wife† (Act 2: Scene), he means that he is satisfied until Othello’s life is made equal with his involving feelings of inadequacy and jealousy, which are all qualities fitting to a â€Å"moor†. Throughout the play Iago repetitively uses derogatory remarks when speaking of Othello so to encourage certain people in the play to endure racism and confirm that it was the norm. Even so, some of Iago’s semantics reveal his own prejudices. For example, Iago only refers to Othello as a â€Å"Moor† with the exception of when he refers to Othello as the â€Å"black Othello† (Act 2: Scene 3). Iago hates Othello because he is â€Å"the Moor† yet does not symbolize the expected role of what is thought of to be a black man in these times. There is neither reason nor logic behind his hatred, but discrimination against one seldom has reason, for it is characteristically irrational thinking. Iago is a clear illustration of what racism is and will justify his irrational thoughts with anything, just as Iago contributes to Brabantio and Rodrigo’s reasoning behind their actions and Othello’s reasons for acting out onShow MoreRelatedRace, Religion, and the Significance of Stereotypes in Othello1688 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to author Chinua Achebe, â€Å"The whole idea of a stereotype is to simplify. Instead of going through the problem of all this great diversity†¦you just have one large statement; it is this.† These broad simplifications have been found throughout history and often reflect the attitudes of an entire society at a specific time period. In particular, one can discover much about the prevailing attitudes of a society through its literature. 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Social Innovation as a Concept Coursework Example

Essays on Social Innovation as a Concept Coursework The paper "Social Innovation as a Concept" is a brilliant example of coursework on marketing. Social innovation is a concept that shows paradigmatic rejection of the technology-based application of innovation as enshrined in the traditional focus. This kind of innovation has transcended beyond boundary limits to inform the development and political policies. This is a shift that enshrines the importance of societal assets and social relations reconfiguration. Social innovation is presented in the literature as a powerful theme in both economic and social science developments and practices enshrining its focal role in socio-political research and practice (MacCallum, et al. 2008). As such, literature has defined it as the use of â€Å"new and creative ideas to generate environmental or societal needs† (Davila, et al. 2006) which point-out an emphatic need on social relations and focus on human needs (MacCallum, et al. 2008). Its success or performance indicators are measured ag ainst a broad range of societal and environmental outcomes.Informed by such a background, this paper will attempt to explore specific social innovations. It will entail a comparative analysis of two innovations seeking to explore the inherent similarities and differences. The resultant benefits and challenges will also be focused upon. The innovations will be presented as case studies. The innovations in this paper’s focus include the emissions trading initiatives and other market-based instruments such as the use of taxation and subsidies. Emissions can be regulated by the use of absolute caps or allowable intensities (Stavins 2004).The emissions trading innovation is as much social innovation as it is environmental and sustainability issues, economic, political and scientific. From a social economics and resources perspective, treating resources as commons shared by a variety of users has a likelihood of overexploitation. This is so in the absence of regulations and rationi ng. As such, the environment, more so the atmosphere, has a likelihood of being excessively polluted prompting a need for a form of control. Emissions trading is an innovation of such a form of rationing. Contrasted to traditional and previously used environment sustainability regulations, emissions trading is an innovation in which the regulating body sets a specific allowable emissions level. As such, this innovation acknowledges that atmospheric emissions are an inevitable environmental issue of concern as long as there is a production that uses energy. It is, therefore, a regulatory innovation that allows emitters of atmospheric pollutants considerable flexibility in planning and implementing how to do emissions regulations (Tietenberg 2006). This flexibility revolves around the alternatives of either making reductions from a combination of various sources in a plant or having reductions from another facility (Tietenberg 2006).

Friendship Definition Essay Example For Students

Friendship Definition Essay Outline1 Introduction2 What is friendship all about3 Traits of being a true friend4 Make your friendship stronger5 Benefits of having real friends6 Remain honest and fair7 Conclusion Introduction Friendship is  a bond created out of love, affection, and feelings which allows us to live together as friends. For most of the people, friendship  has no limits as they have provided certain rights and privileges  which surely makes them special. On the other hand, a friend is defined as a sympathizer, ally or supporter with whom one can express emotions or feelings without any inconvenience. Moreover, the state of being friends requires motivation, respect, and willingness to support each other no matter what the situation is. There are thousands of friendly feeling  stories, novels, definition essay  and books are written on the topic describing real-life events of people who left no stone unturned to make their friendship  stronger and long-lasting. What is friendship all about True friendship is hard to find and if you are lucky enough to have a few of them, make sure you never break the bond of trust and love. As they are the only people who are always ready to give support and care, a friendly feeling or attitude  will never let you feel alone or deprived of anything in your life. Misunderstandings are a part of life, and we have to manage each situation properly so that friendship is never compromised. There are both good and bad people in our environment, we need to find the best ones to spend the rest of our lives with a friendly feeling. As there are a lot of responsibilities and values to be focused, you need to be confident, realistic and accept them the way they are like we see in the movie, â€Å"American Pie†. Life is absolutely uncertain, and we have to stand along with our friends in their success, their failure and allow certain rights and privileges  to encourage them for remaining confident. Traits of being a true friend There are many people who remain together at good times in a person’s life, our bad times certainly uncover the true friendship. As they will do not step back no matter what the situation is, sincere and faithful partners never let us be alone at bad times. Furthermore, our bad times help us in realizing people in our life and the way they react at certain situations. As everyone is attracted to money and wealth by nature, faithful partners are always there to support financially and never let us feel bad when we are in need of anything. However, borrowing and lending sometimes leads to future problems and might affect your friendship  in a bad way. Make your friendship stronger A good partner will take care and look after you in the same way your parents, cousins or siblings do. By sharing old memories and events which have brought both of you together, the bond of love and affection can be made stronger. Whenever any one person is in need of the other, he or she is supposed to respond at the earliest with a friendly feeling  no matter what the duties or obligations are. True friendship is  a feeling or attitude which can bring positive changes in our lives. By developing a strong bond of trust and affection, we can remain united for a longer period of time. Remaining loyal, encouraging and understanding is the greatest gift you can give others in order to maintain a friendly feeling or attitude.  Although our busy lives and work schedule makes it difficult to meet regularly, remaining in contact through messages or calls can surely help you in building a firm friendship. .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .postImageUrl , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:hover , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:visited , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:active { border:0!important; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:active , .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92 .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u010a339bdd338725c64cb0610f420e92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cults EssayBenefits of having real friends Different types of friendship  require effort and time, but the perks are far greater than your expectations. For example, if you are having a bad mood or stressed due to work pressure, spending time with positive and happy people will surely help you to fight against depression. Furthermore, sharing problems with other people can allow you to reduce isolation and boost willpower in order to fight against tough times as seen in the movie, â€Å"The Hangover†. With the advancements in technology, we can have hundreds of friends online who but they are absolutely useless. As they are never willing to join you in your success, your happiness, your life events and refuse to give support at the time of crisis, the most important connections always happen when we meet face to face and give a friendly feeling  to each other. Remain honest and fair Friendship is  based on trust, honesty, and devotion. If any of these aspects are left behind, it will become difficult to continue our lives with fair people as they are more likely to get hurt due to lies or fraud. So, if you are in the struggle of developing a long-lasting relationship, do not forget to pay respect to your partners, give them friendly feeling  and always accept them the way they are. Conclusion Friends are a gem, and sometimes they are the main reason we are living with joy. Although there are some values, traditions, and rules which make friendship stronger, you can just remain fair and speak the truth with your loved ones to keep every relationship long-lasting.

Consumption of organic and functional food - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Consumption of organic and functional food. Answer: Introduction The analysis is based on the case study of Kings Cross Organic Food Markets which are known for supplying organic food, gourmet produce, fresh fruits, vegetables, patisserie, bread, seasonal productions from the farmers, French and local cheese, salaami, salmon and many more. The markets are friendly to the communities are they offer all types of products that are required for the daily or weekly usage of the people. The products that are offered by these markets are sustainable and eco-friendly in nature (Aschemann?Witzel and Zielkeb 2017). The interaction with the other foodies in the area who are also fun-loving in nature is also facilitated in these markets. The markets organise many special events for the natives of that area. These events help in bringing all the people of the community together and they can also interact with each other in these events. The report is mainly based on the discussion about these events and the ways by which these are organized successfully so that they bring together the people from the different communities (Brantster et al. 2017). Goals, purpose and objectives of the event The Kings Cross Organic Food Markets are always full of local residents and tourists on Saturdays. The main offerings of the food markets are mainly bacon, coffee, egg roll and many other products related to fresh produce. The markets also offer many games that can engage the local residents and the tourists as well. The organic markets are in operations for more than 15 years. In the initial stages they were known to offer organic produce that are certified and some were also sourced from bio-dynamic producers. The increasing interest of the public towards the market and the food as well has helped in increasing the profitability (Buder, Feldmann and Hamm 2014). Goals of the event The organic food markets have become a place which has something to offer for everyone. The markets also organise events that are mainly aimed towards the communities and the local natives as well. The objective of these events is to promote the farmers and their local produce so that they can reach all the markets across Australia and the natives can get the benefits of fresh and organic food products as well (Strassner et al. 2015). The food products that are sold in these markets are sourced directly from the farmers and the chefs as well who are able to provide organic and handmade food. Another major goal of these events is to strengthen the relationship between the farmers who are producers of the food products with the consumers or the end users of these products (Goetzke, Nitzko and Spiller 2014). Purpose and objectives of the event The new concepts that are related to the produce of food products, like seasonality are also introduced in these events. There five major values that are related to the organization of these events are, origin of the products, authenticity of the products, knowledge about the different products, sustainability of the products and the excellence of the products as well. The major intention of this event is to support the local growth of the organic produce that are grown by the farmers and promote the local organic produce in such a way so that they can increase its popularity. The consumers are also further educated about the different benefits related to the consumption of fresh and organic products. The concept of sustainable food is also discussed with the consumers and the tourists who come to visit the events from many different countries (Hemmerling, Hamm and Spiller 2015). The events also have a cultural side to it which helps in showcasing the culture of the country and the n atives to the tourists who visit the place from other countries. The events organised by these food markets therefore provide a useful way to bring the natives of the area and the tourists together so that cultural exchange can also happen in the process. Location, duration and event program The location of the events is the Kings Cross area, at the Fitzroy Gardens located on the corner of Darlinghurts Road and Macleay Street in Sydney. The different events that are organized are, Double Bay Festival, Adventure Travel Expo. The Rising Tide Music Festival has been held at the North Narrabeen Reserve in Sydney. The music event was comprised of 40 stalls, 23 bands and 3000 attendees. The other events that are organised by the food markets are, Wine Food Fairs, street festivals, twilight markets and exhibitions (Hempel and Hamm 2016). The events take place for two to three days and the timing is from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. The event is mainly organised on Saturday and Sunday of alternate weeks. The Kings Cross Saturday farmers market is organised for the natives of Sydney which offers gourmet and organic food. A huge of number of stalls are setup in the market which serve organic food, fruits and vegetables and prepared food as well. Full range of flowers, plants, nuts and oils a re also offered in these stalls. The stalls in the Saturday market are heaven for the shoppers who visit this place (Kingscrossmarket.org 2018). Corporate and community stakeholder relationships The major stakeholders of the organization are the consumers or the natives of the area where the market is setup. The tourists who visit the markets from other countries of the world are also the stakeholders of these events. The other major stakeholder of the events is the government and the other organizations which support these events. The traders who supply the equipments are also major stakeholders of the organization. The relationship between the traders, the producers and the consumers of the mentioned products are strengthened with the help of the events that are organized on a periodic basis (Lairon and Huber 2014). The markets and the events are the major areas where the products are offered and the interaction between the natives of the community can also take place easily. Governance The events are organised and managed by the Kings Cross Organic Market under the administration of the Kings Cross cultural centre. The Kings Cross market is mainly governed by the board of directors who have a lot of experience in this field. The organization also has a knowledgeable staff base who are appointed to play their roles in the management of the events the development of the business and the facilities as well. Kings Cross also has a Creative Head who has the responsibility to look after the various functions that occur in the development of the markets and organising the events. The chefs are appointed who look after the cooking of food items and the fresh produce as well. The event operations are taken care by the manager of Kings Cross Organic Market (Lee and Yun 2015). Expected impacts of the event The major impacts of the event that are organised by Kings Cross Organic Market are mainly space or market that is created for the hand-made or artisanal products that are designed by the chefs. The market is created for these products which are manufactured by small organizations or they are sourced from the farmers as well. The main impact that is expected from these events is the building of strong relationships between the farmers and the consumers or the end-users. The contact that is established with the farmers helps in getting the fresh products from the markets. The seasonal produce including the fruits and vegetables are another major part of the entire process of the events (Marian et al. 2014). The events can also have many social impacts which includes the promotion of the fresh produce that are manufactured by the farmers. The promotion of these products can help in strengthening the relationships between the farmers and the tourists as well. Another major impact of the events is the sustainability of the different products that are offered and their effects on the health of the natives. The farming processes that are used by the farmers to manufacture these produce are also sustainable in nature which further promotes the environmental initiatives (Organicfoodmarkets.com.au 2018). The markets for the farmers and the end-users are mainly organised so that they can showcase their products and attract the natives and the tourists as well. Conclusion The analysis of the case study related to Kings Cross Organic Market has depicted that the events that are organised by this company can support the major objectives that are related to the sustainability of the different products that are offered. The gaps in the relationship of the farmers and the end-users can also be fulfilled with the help of the events. The usage of organic products for consumption and their health benefits can be successfully supported by the events. The other major social impact of the events is that the farmers are promoted successfully in the markets and the tourists can also experience the local produce. The renewal of the locations where the events are organised is another major impact of the events that are organised by the Kings Cross Organic Food Market. The small scale production of the organic products is also supported by the event of Kings Cross Organic Food Market. The sustainable processes of farming are supported by the events and markets. References Aschemann?Witzel, J. and Zielke, S., 2017. Can't buy me green? A review of consumer perceptions of and behavior toward the price of organic food.Journal of Consumer Affairs,51(1), pp.211-251. Brantster, A.L., Ydersbond, T.A., Hoppin, J.A., Haugen, M. and Meltzer, H.M., 2017. Organic Food in the Diet: Exposure and Health Implications.Annual review of public health,38, pp.295-313. Buder, F., Feldmann, C. and Hamm, U., 2014. Why regular buyers of organic food still buy many conventional products: Product-specific purchase barriers for organic food consumers.British Food Journal,116(3), pp.390-404. Goetzke, B., Nitzko, S. and Spiller, A., 2014. Consumption of organic and functional food. A matter of well-being and health?.Appetite,77, pp.96-105. Hemmerling, S., Hamm, U. and Spiller, A., 2015. Consumption behaviour regarding organic food from a marketing perspectivea literature review.Organic Agriculture,5(4), pp.277-313. Hempel, C. and Hamm, U., 2016. How important is local food to organic-minded consumers?.Appetite,96, pp.309-318. Kingscrossmarket.org (2018).Kings Cross Market | Kings Cross. [online] Kingscrossmarket.org. Available at: https://www.kingscrossmarket.org/kings-cross/ [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Lairon, D. and Huber, M., 2014. Food quality and possible positive health effects of organic products. InOrganic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures(pp. 295-312). Springer Netherlands. Lee, H.J. and Yun, Z.S., 2015. Consumers perceptions of organic food attributes and cognitive and affective attitudes as determinants of their purchase intentions toward organic food.Food quality and preference,39, pp.259-267. Marian, L., Chrysochou, P., Krystallis, A. and Thgersen, J., 2014. The role of price as a product attribute in the organic food context: An exploration based on actual purchase data.Food Quality and Preference,37, pp.52-60. Organicfoodmarkets.com.au (2018).Organic Food Markets. [online] Organicfoodmarkets.com.au. Available at: https://www.organicfoodmarkets.com.au/traders.php [Accessed 9 Jan. 2018]. Strassner, C., Cavoski, I., Di Cagno, R., Kahl, J., Kesse-Guyot, E., Lairon, D., Lampkin, N., Les, A.K., Matt, D., Niggli, U. and Paoletti, F., 2015. How the organic food system supports sustainable diets and translates these into practice.Frontiers in nutrition,2.

The Facts of Life Essay Example

The Facts of Life Essay Running Head: THE FACTS OF LIFE. Love, Marriage, Children, Ect†¦ Amanda Seigley Harford Community College Abstract Being a little older now, a freshman in college, I knew that soon I will be facing the marriage/family lifestyle before I know it. I wanted to prepare myself for what was coming in my future so I had a better understanding of what goes on. During this course, while reading the text, I was analyzing myself on how I related by doing the many scales, inventories and discussions within the class. I was able to find out that being married was not that easy. There are so many things to take into account before getting married, such as culture, different views and the different roles that will be played throughout the whole marriage. I think I can say that from taking this course I have been looked marriage and having a family in a new perspective than I had done before. I know I don’t want to rush into anything and let everything take its own course, but I can’t wait to have a family of my own. The Beginning of It All Marriage has many hidden aspects behind just the exchanging of vows. You have definitions of, frameworks, many concepts and gender role socialization. We will write a custom essay sample on The Facts of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Facts of Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Facts of Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Marriage has changed a lot throughout the years, with women and men both working, getting divorces and being a single mother or father by choice. Marriage and the Family The definition of a marriage is a legal relationship that binds a man and a woman together for reproduction and the subsequent care and socialization of children (Knox Schacht, 2008). I have never been married but I have got the chance to watch my parents have a successful one. I believe that my parents are the definition of a marriage and I think they have done a fine job raising my sister, my brother and I. The definition of a family is a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoption. There are many types of families but I think the one that best fits my family is the modern family type. My mom and my dad both have worked full time since they’ve been married, and have been able to support their family in doing so. Some people may say that having two parents who work will experience a loss of support, love and may cause delinquent behavior. I don’t believe that is the case at all in my family. My siblings and I both have gotten all the love and attention we needed, and we were brought up in a good family environment. Frameworks There are four different frameworks to describe marriage and the family. They are theoretical, social exchange, family life course development, and structural function framework. Based on the definitions of these I believe that my family was built off the theoretical framework, as well as most of the families in the world, and that I am the result of social exchange framework. Gender Role Socialization Gender roles are the social norms that we are expected to do by society as in male and female behavior. This gets into further detail when you talk about gender role socialization. From society we learn almost everything we know, from attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors and we adapt to what we’re supposed to do. Such as women can come off moody, easily embarrassed and men are competitive, sarcastic and sexual (Knox Schacht, 2008). There are many positive and negative things that are included in these social norms for both males and females. I myself fit into some of these categories for the negative such as, negative body image and for the positive keeping relationships on track. I’m like every other girl who watches T. V. and see the skinny actresses and wishes, â€Å"Man I wish I could have a body like that†, but I know that I’m not the only one out there that does that. From my experience with men and my current boyfriend I can pinpoint the most common negative and positive norms. For the negative it would have to be limited expression of emotions and fear of intimacy, and for the positive initiating a relationship and greater available pool of potential partners (Knox Schacht, 2008). The men are more likely to ask a woman out then a woman ask the man out, and every girl has probably noticed the amount of women one guy has been with, because lets face it, their easier at it then we are. I did the relationship involvement scale, which I found out that I am very involved in my relationship now. That’s one of the social norms for a woman is the level you’re involved and I think I’m doing a good job of following those social norms. Half Way There Dating and Cohabitation To some people love is a wonderful thing, to others they hate it, but to me, I’m in the middle. Love and every other emotion consist of three parts: a behavior/and or action, a thought and a reaction such as a heart beating faster when that special person is around. Men and women both have different views and thoughts on love. But before you get to love, dating comes first. I haven’t yet been able to live with any of my boyfriends but I have had over night stays and week long trips. I feel as though cohabitating should wait until the engagement or even later. You learn so much from a person by living with them, that I don’t really like the idea of waiting until marriage to live with someone. I have dated my fair share of men, and I feel as though ever women does, is that their all the same. I did the relationship dynamic scale and got a 12, which is the highest which gives me the green light towards a good relationship. Right now I’m in a wonderful relationship with my boyfriend of almost 2 years, and I hope many more years to come. Our love style is more Eros, and we’re in the romantic stage, right now. Jealously gets a hold of me sometimes but its normal, I think. The love attitudes scale showed I was more realistic then romantic when it came to love, which I think is correct. I want things to be more on the real side so I’m never left wondering. Mating Mating may sound like something animals do, but humans do it also, in a different way. We tend to select out mate based on intelligence, education, and background. Selecting a mate then may lead to alternative life styles, such as, staying single, being a single parent by choice, and also having a mate of the same sex. The involved couple’s inventory was a good way for me and my partner to look at what we have to offer each other. We compared the same questions that were important to use to see how we’re a like. I enjoyed spending this time just learning about him, and seeing why I chose him. It came down to us being on the same level with marriage, family, and careers. Multiculturalism I and my partner come from different backgrounds, which is the result of multiculturalism. This plays a huge role in almost everyone’s life. Multiculturalism is something that consists of many cultures in society. My background includes, Polish, Irish, Indian and German, so I’m a mix of a little bit of everything. Since my dad is almost full Polish and my mom’s a mix of the others they were both brought up different based on their cultures. Now my partner is a mix of some other different things such as German, Italian, and a few others. The way he was raised is completely different from the way I was raised, but we’re learning to get a long well. We both have different views on the way to raise children and to have careers. This happens in almost every relationship and all you have to do is communicate with one another and compromise. Communication Communication is the key to success. From doing the Supportive Communication Scale and relating it to my relationship, I found out that I and my partner have good communication. We take time everyday to sit down with out the T. V. on or anything distracting us and just talk about anything and everything. When we get into arguments that a different story. We both try to avoid each other to get away from the situation, which hurts or relationship. Communication also plays a big role in sexuality, especially non-verbal communication. Each gender looks at sexuality in a different perspective. Children and Parenting Blended Families Talking about sexuality leads to the next topic on children, parenting, and blended families. There are many factors that go into how to raise a child. Such as, the wiring of the brain, genetics, institutional differences, societal influences and peer influences (Knox Schacht, 2008). I believe that the way my parents raised I and my siblings were based off of the way they were raised. My mother came from a strict home with her father being a cop and her mother being a school teacher, she also had three other siblings. Since my mom was brought up in a strict environment, she reversed her parenting to being a laid back mom. My dad was the opposite; he came from a laid back family, now my dad is the opposite in being very strict towards us. My family is somewhat what you would call a blended family. My dad was married once before my mom and had one daughter, which was way before my sister, my brother and I. So I have a step sister, and she has a step mother. Getting Older Divorce I have never experienced any sort of divorce except from my friend’s point of view. I’m one of the lucky ones whose parents have stayed married, and not for the wrong reasons. From seeing some of my closest friends go through divorces, I’m glad I have never gone through it. My friends had blamed the divorce on themselves, instead of seeing that it had nothing to do with them. There are many factors that make up a divorce, and one of them is not the children. Today in American 40%-50% of all marriages end in divorce (Knox Schacht, 2008). Sometimes is not because they want to, it’s because they have to. More divorces are brought on because the spouse cheats on the other, or it’s because they are in an abusive relationship. Violence, Abuse, Neglect The Abusive Behavior inventory reveled that I was not in an abusive relationship, which I already knew, and trust me if I was, I would have left a long time ago. Relationship violence is a pattern of behavior in which one partner uses fear and intimidation to establish power and control over the other partner, often including the threat or use of violence. This abuse happens when one person believes they are entitled to control another† (Meggs ,Margaret L. 2003). I am a walking example of that, being physically and emotionally abused in my last relationship. I didn’t think I would be a ble to get out of that relationship, so I ended up staying for two years until I finally got the courage to leave him. It was hard but it had to be done. Although I have been a victim of abuse, I’ve never been neglected. Most neglect happens in younger children and elderly people, since they are the easiest to neglect and the most attention needed. Luckily I have never seen or been around anyone that has been neglected. Stress and Older Age Stress comes into play a lot whether you’re at an older age or not. I’m only 18 and I experience more stress than I should, from going to school full time and working full time. There are a lot of things that I try to relieve my stress such as exercise, or snuggling on the couch and reading a good book. With older age, comes more stress if you’re not careful. There has been an increase in grandparents parenting their grandchildren due to the alternative lifestyles that we have now today. There are gender differences in views of marriage and dealing with losses, when we talk about older age. Older aged men view marriage as idealistic while older aged women view marriage as more realistic with disagreements (Knox Schacht, 2008). Summary There has been a great deal of knowledge that I have taken in throughout this course, from marriage to getting older and being a grandparent. Marriage is not as simple as every one takes it out to be, and that’s the major thing I learned in this course. A family is hard to keep together if you don’t try to make it work, and there are just little things that can affect a marriage or a family. Bibliography ReSPONSE, Meggs ,Margaret L. (2003). What is Relationship Violence. ReSPONSE. from http://www. msun. edu/stuaffairs/response/relviol/domestic_violence. htm Knox D. Schacht, C. (2008). Choices in Relationships: An Introduction to Marriage and the Family (9th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth